Method and apparatus for accessing electronic data via a familiar printed medium

ABSTRACT

The disclosed methods and apparatus relate generally to the electronics media industry, such as cable television (CATV), home shopping services, on-line computer services and computer memory applications. These methods and apparatus allow a user to access and make use of electronic media input and output devices by reference to and/or utilization of standard printed matter, such as magazines, textbooks, or any other printed matter that can be correlated to electronic media.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser.No. 08/628,246, filed Apr. 4, 1996.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates generally to the electronic mediaindustry—such as cable television (CATV), home shopping services,on-line computer services, personal computer applications, andCD-ROM-based multi-media applications—and, more particularly, to amethod and apparatus for allowing a user to access and make use of suchelectronic media services via a device that makes use of a standardbook, magazine or other printed work.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] It is a well-known fact that a large fraction of the populationis unfamiliar with the operation or use of modern computer devices. Thisremains true despite significant advances in user-interfacetechnology—such as mouses, windows, menus and the like. It is commonlysaid that such technology makes computers “user friendly.” However, themodern mouse/window/menu-based user-interface technology has been widelyavailable for several years, and yet it still appears that thistechnology is not a panacea for computer-phobia. Indeed, studies haveshown that a majority of VCR owners cannot operate the simple menu-basedinterface used to program their VCRs. Thus, there exists a great needfor improved user-interface technology, if computer-based electronicmedia is to become as widely used and accepted as television or radio.

[0004] This need for improved user-interface technology will become evengreater with the arrival of technology such as the presently planned“information superhighway,” which will permit delivery of high-bandwidth(i.e., full-motion video rate) digital data into millions of homes viafiber optic, cable, RF, microwave or satellite links. Such technologywill, in concept, permit instant delivery of a virtually limitlessselection of commercial, informational, educational and entertainmentprogramming at a user's request. However, without better user-interfacetechnology, the average user may not be capable of enjoying the vastcapabilities of such a system. Indeed, it is clear that the number ofprogramming choices available to the user of such technology will be fargreater than the number of choices involved in programming a VCR—a taskalready demonstrated to be too complicated for the average user ofpresent-day user-interface technology.

[0005] In contrast to the difficulty many people encounter in usingremote controls and other prior art computer interfaces, printedmatter—such as books and magazines—represents an almost universallyfamiliar and non-intimidating medium by which a user can acquire desiredinformation. Even illiterate individuals incapable of reading text cannonetheless peruse pages of printed matter and appreciate the substanceof flashy advertisements and the like. Thus, it would be highlydesirable to provide a system with the information accessingcapabilities of a modern CD-ROM or on-line computer system, and theuser-interface simplicity of printed matter.

[0006] The prior art includes a class of devices known as “talkingbooks”—see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,881 entitled TALKING BOOK WITH ANINFRARED DETECTOR USED TO DETECT PAGE TURNING, U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,573entitled VISUAL AND AUDIBLE ACTIVATED WORK AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME,U.S. Pat. No. 4,778,391 entitled SOUND-PRODUCING AMUSEMENT OREDUCATIONAL DEVICES, U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,246 entitled SOUND ILLUSTRATEDBOOK HAVING PAGE INDICATOR CIRCUIT, U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,092 entitledTALKING BOOK and U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,665 entitled INTERACTIVE AUDIOVISUAL WORK, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.Typically, these “talking books” consist of a book with various sensorswhich—when activated by touching, page turning, etc.—cause a soundgenerating means (also embedded within the book) to produce or replayparticular sounds. Talking books thus provide an interface for allowingan unsophisticated user (i.e., a child) to access a very primitivecomputer (i.e., the sound generating means embedded within the book) viafamiliar printed matter (i.e., the book with embedded sensors).Importantly, however, talking books do not provide a means forinterfacing with modern electronic media—such as cable television(CATV), home shopping services, on-line computer services, CD-ROM-basedmulti-media applications, interactive TV or home computer applications.

[0007] One approach to interfacing with these modern electronic media isthe “simulated book”—see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,725, entitledMICROPROCESSOR BASED SIMULATED BOOK, incorporated herein by reference.The “simulated book” is in essence a book-size intelligent graphicsterminal. Unlike the talking books, the simulated book is not aself-contained system, but rather transmits commands to and receivesdata from a CD-ROM equipped personal computer via a wireless link. Thus,the programming that the simulated book can access is not limited tothat which can be stored in embedded memory devices, as with the talkingbooks. Importantly, however, the user-interface provided by thesimulated book is essentially the conventional computer interface—i.e.,keys, pointer, menus, etc. Therefore, a computer-phobic user will likelystill find the simulated book intimidating and inaccessible.

[0008] A disadvantage of both the talking book and simulated booktechnologies is that both include relatively costly electronics—i.e.,microprocessors, memory, display devices, etc.—as a part of the “book.”Thus, these technologies cannot be effectively used to create a“throw-away” interactive magazine, newspaper or advertising brochure.

[0009] Thus, there remains a need for a method and apparatus foraccessing the vast resources of electronic media using a device asfamiliar and non-intimidating as printed matter. There remains a furtherneed for such a method and apparatus which utilizes a low cost,throw-away printed matter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] One object of the present invention is a method and apparatus forallowing a user to access electronic media via a printed matter.

[0011] Another object of the invention is a method and apparatus forallowing a user to access electronic media relating to, or expandingupon, material presented in the printed matter.

[0012] Another object of the invention is a low cost, throw-away printedmatter useful in connection with other objects of the invention.

[0013] Still another object of the invention is an improved method ofproviding electronic media services.

[0014] Yet another object of the invention is an intelligent controllerfor use in connection with the invention.

[0015] In accordance with one embodiment, the invention comprises: (i) aprinted matter having at least one sensor and a transmitter associatedtherewith; and (ii) an intelligent controller having a receiver and ameans for accessing programming material. A user triggers said sensorthrough interaction with said printed matter, for example, by touching aparticular spot on a page or by turning a page. In response to thetriggering of said sensor, the transmitter sends a signal indicative ofsaid sensor. The receiver receives said signal and, in response thereto,the intelligent controller executes a pre-programmed command related toaccessing or controlling electronic media or programming. For example,when the user triggers a sensor associated with an advertisement in theprinted matter, the intelligent controller may, in response, send asignal via a telephone line, cable connection, or wireless modem orcellular link to a remote video server, and thereby cause a promotionalprogram to appear on the user's television.

[0016] In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises:(i) a printed matter having at least one machine-recognizablefeature—such as a bar code or magnetic strip (or any commonly usedprinted indicia, such as a printed character, symbol or pictorial icon),(ii) a feature recognition unit having a means for recognizing saidfeature and a transmitter, and (iii) if an intelligent controller havinga receiver. The user directs the feature recognition unit to a featureon said printed matter. In response, said recognition unit transmits asignal indicative of the identity of the particular feature. Thereceiver receives said signal and the intelligent controller, inresponse thereto, executes an appropriate pre-programmed command.

[0017] In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises:(i) a printed matter having at least one machine-recognizable featureand (ii) an intelligent feature recognition unit having means forrecognizing said feature, means for associating said recognized featurewith a command, and means for issuing said command over a wireless link.In use, the user directs said intelligent feature recognition unit at afeature on said printed matter. In response, said intelligentrecognition unit associates said feature with a pre-programmed commandand issues a pre-programmed command sequence over a wireless data linkto control or access electronic media services. The command may, forexample, be transmitted—via an infrared (IR) or ultrasound link—to aCATV control box in the same room, or—via a cellular or satellitelink—to the CATV company office.

[0018] In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises aprinted matter having: (i) at least one sensor, (ii) a control moduleand (iii) a transmitter associated therewith. In response to thetriggering of said sensor, said control module directs the transmitterto transmit a command related to accessing or controlling an electronicmedia service.

[0019] Other aspects of the invention relate to methods of providing,accessing or utilizing electronic media services. In accordance with onesuch aspect, the invention involves: (i) providing a printed matterhaving at least one sensor associated therewith, (ii) providing anintelligent controller which, in response to the triggering of saidsensor, performs a pre-programmed command, and (iii) executing saidpre-programmed command to access or control an electronic media.

[0020] Another aspect of the invention involves a method of providingelectronic media services, which includes the steps of: (i) providingprinted matter to a potential customer and (ii) pre-programming anintelligent controller to access or control an electronic media servicein response to an event wherein the customer interacts with the printedmatter in a particular manner. Advantageously, said printed mattercomprises a low cost, throw-away publication.

[0021] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an improvedmethod of providing shop-at-home services includes the steps of: (i)providing to the customer a printed catalogue having at least one sensoror machine-recognizable feature associated therewith, (ii) programming acontroller to execute a pre-programmed command in response to an eventwherein the customer interacts with said sensor or feature, and (iii)providing a service—e.g., displaying promotional programming on thecustomer's television, contacting the customer by telephone,establishing a computer “chat” link, etc.—by telephone, cable, orwireless link in response to the execution of said command.

[0022] Another aspect of the present invention relates to an improvedmethod of instruction, including the steps of: (i) providing aninstructional printed matter—such as a textbook, cookbook, children'sbook or manual—having at least one sensor or machine-recognizablefeature associated therewith, (ii) providing a means, distinct from saidtextbook or other printed matter, for executing a pre-programmed commandin response to an event wherein a reader interacts with said sensor orfeature, and (iii) in response to said command, causing or controlling:(a) the electronic delivery or presentation of information related tothat in the textbook or other printed matter; and/or (b) theestablishment of a communication link to a live tutor or consultantfamiliar with the subject matter contained in the instructional printedmatter.

[0023] Another aspect of the invention relates to a low cost, throw-awayprinted matter—including at least one machine-recognizablefeature—adapted for use in connection with the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The above—as well as other—aspects, objects and features of thepresent invention will be described in the Detailed Description below,which is intended to be read in conjunction with the following set ofdrawings, in which:

[0025]FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment wherein the display unit is embeddedwithin the printed matter;

[0026]FIG. 2 depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein electronicmedia is presented on a user's TV set;

[0027]FIG. 3 depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein programmingmaterial is accessed from a remote source;

[0028]FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment of the invention which includes afeature recognition unit;

[0029]FIG. 4a depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the featurerecognition unit provides an interface between the display unit and aremote source of programming material;

[0030]FIG. 5 depicts an embodiment of the invention adapted forpresentation of musical programming;

[0031]FIG. 5a depicts an alternative embodiment of the invention adaptedfor presentation of musical programming;

[0032]FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the displayunit comprises a personal computer;

[0033]FIG. 6a depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the useremploys a hand-held scanner/pointer device to select features associatedwith a printed matter and to interface with an intelligent controller orpersonal computer;

[0034]FIG. 6b depicts an alternative embodiment of the invention whereinthe user employs a separately attached trackball mouse and hand-heldscanner device to select features associated with a printed matter andto interface with an intelligent controller or personal computer;

[0035]FIG. 6c depicts another embodiment of the invention wherein theuser employs a separately attached trackball mouse and digital cameradevice to select features associated with a printed matter and tointerface with an intelligent controller or personal computer;

[0036]FIG. 6d depicts another embodiment of the invention wherein theuser employs a microphone set up to interface with an intelligentcontroller or personal computer which contains voice recognitionsoftware to select features associated with a printed matter;

[0037]FIG. 6e depicts yet another embodiment of the invention whereinthe user employs a traditional keyboard set up to interface with anintelligent controller or personal computer for manual entry to selectfeatures associated with a printed matter;

[0038]FIG. 6f depicts another embodiment of the present invention inwhich a scanable magnetic strip is set up to interface with anintelligent controller or personal computer equipped with a magneticcard reader to select features associated with a printed matter; and

[0039]FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment of the invention adapted forshop-at-home applications.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0040] In this section, the various preferred embodiments of theinvention are described from two general perspectives. The first, a“functional” perspective, focuses on the contemplated interactionsbetween the user and the various components—i.e., the printed matter,controller, display unit, etc.—of the invention. This functionaldescription provides the insight needed to implement the software orfirmware used in connection with the invention. The second perspective,the “apparatus” view, describes the various technologies that can beused to implement the individual components of the present invention.

THE FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

[0041] Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention comprising a printed matter 1 in communication (preferablywireless) with a data server 2. Printed matter 1 includes at least onesensor 3 and a controller, which preferably includes a microprocessor 4.A stiff or flexible page 5 (any page within a book) holds a displayscreen 6. Printed matter 1 can take the form of a book, magazine,manual, musical score, catalog, advertisement, newspaper, telephone orelectronic service directory, or other like means. Thecontroller—including microprocessor 4—is preferably embedded within thespine or any other page of printed matter 1.

[0042] Display screen 6 can be an LED display, a passive or activematrix LCD display or other like means, and may also have an audiotransducer associated therewith.

[0043] Sensor 3 is preferably touch sensitive, but can also be a pagesensor or a combination of touch and page sensor, as described below. Inresponse to a user's touch, microprocessor 4 causes programming materialto be retrieved from data server 2 and displayed on screen 6. Datacommunication between server 2 and microprocessor 4 may operate via RFcellular, microwave, IR, optical, conductive, telephonic or CATV links,or any combination of these or other like means.

[0044] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which depicts an alternativeembodiment of the invention comprising a printed matter 21, anintelligent controller 24 and display unit 25. Printed matter 21includes at least one sensor 22 and a transmitter 23. In response to auser's actuation of sensor 22, transmitter 23 transmits a coded signalindicative of the identity of the actuated sensor. A receiver 26 inintelligent controller 24 receives the coded signal. Controller 24 thenidentifies the actuated sensor, and initiates display of appropriateprogramming material on display unit 25 (which can be a TV set or anyother means for audio or audiovisual presentation, including but notlimited to a personal computer). Programming material preferably derivesfrom a mass storage device—e.g., a magnetic disk, CD-ROM, ROM, flashRAM, PCMCIA card or other memory means—associated with intelligentcontroller 24 (or with display unit 25). As used herein, the term“memory means” shall also include future storage technologies, such asthe recently announced multi-layer CD-ROMs being developed by IBM. See“New I.B.M. Laser Method Stacks Data on Disks,” New York Times, May 13,1994.

[0045] Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention in which intelligent controller 31 derives programmingmaterial from a remote server 30. Controller 31 includes means foraccessing a remote server 30 of programming material, and preferablyfurther includes means for decompressing compressed programming materialreceived from server 30. In response to a coded signal received byreceiver 26, intelligent controller 31 sends an appropriate command toserver 30 to select and initiate transfer of appropriate programmingmaterial. Controller 31 then receives programming material from remoteserver 30 and prepares (e.g., decompresses, if necessary) the materialfor presentation on display unit 25. As with conventional pay-per-viewCATV services and on-line computer services, the user is billedaccording to the volume and/or nature of programming material requested.

[0046] Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention including a printed matter 40, a feature recognition unit42, an intelligent controller 31, a server 30 and a display unit 25.Printed matter 40 includes at least one machine-recognizable feature 41in the printed work, such as a bar code, invisible bar code, magneticcode, printed character, symbol or pictorial icon, or other feature.

[0047] Feature recognition unit 42 is a hand-held device and includesmeans 44 for recognizing feature 41, a transmitter 45 and an optionaluser actuation switch 43. The user directs recognition unit 42 at afeature and depresses actuation switch 43. In response thereto, means 44for recognizing “reads” (i.e., for a printed feature, scans andidentifies) the feature 41, and transmitter 45 transmits a coded signalindicative of the identity of feature 41. The operation of controller31, server 30 and display unit 25 is otherwise identical or similar tothe FIG. 3 embodiment.

[0048] Still referring to FIG. 4, use of embedded features 41—as opposedto sensors—lowers the fabrication cost of printed matter 40.Advantageously, printed matter 40 can be a low cost, throw-awaypublication.

[0049] An identification code generated either by recognition unit 42 orintelligent controller 31 allows the user to be billed for his/her useof transmitted material by server 30 and, for commercial applications,allows the advertiser to identify the potential customer.

[0050] Reference is now made to FIG. 4a, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention in which the functions of the intelligent controller areintegrated into a recognition/control unit 46. Unit 46 includes means 44for recognizing feature 41 and means 48 for accessing—preferably via acellular RF link—programming material associated with server 30. Inaddition, recognition/control unit 46 optionally includes amicroprocessor. Either recognition/control unit 46 or display unit 47may include means for decompressing compressed programming material.

[0051] Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention adapted for musical applications. The embodiment includesa printed musical score 50, an electronic baton 51, a music controller55 and an audio/audiovisual player 56. Using baton 51, the user directsa recognition means 52—which can be either a CCD camera or a magneticdetector—at a particular portion 57 of printed score 50. Transmitter 53then transmits a coded signal indicative of the selected portion 57.Music controller 55, in response to the coded signal, directs thepresentation of appropriate audio or audiovisual programming on player56. Music controller 55 may include a means for storing programmingmaterial—such as ROM, CD-ROM, flash RAM, PCMCIA card or other memorymeans—or an electronic musical synthesizer, or both.

[0052] Reference is now made to FIG. 5a, which depicts an alternativeembodiment of the invention directed to musical applications. In FIG.5a, music controller 55 a retrieves programming material from a remotedata server 57. Using a remote server permits continuous updating ofprogramming material, such as replacing one performance or opera companywith another. Either player 56 or controller 55 a preferably includesmeans for decompressing compressed programming material received fromserver 57.

[0053] Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention utilizing a personal computer to access and displayelectronic programming material. In this embodiment, portions of thepersonal computer provide the functions of the previously-describedintelligent controller, while other portions of the computer provide thefunctions of the display unit. The scope of this invention should not belimited to the traditional notions of Personal Computers. The presentinvention will find use in conjunction with more non-traditionalapplications such as WEB-TV®, Video Phones, as well as other chip basedtechnologies. An interface unit 60 includes a receiver 26 for receivinga coded signal from a transmitter 23, representative of an actuatedsensor 22 (or, in an alternative embodiment which includes a featurerecognition unit, from the feature recognition unit indicative of theselected feature) on printed matter 21. Interface unit 60 connects topersonal computer 61 by any conventional means, such as an I/O port,card slot, etc. Personal computer 61 monitors the interface unit 60, anddisplays (or controls the display of) appropriate programming materialselected by the user through his/her interaction with printed matter 21.

[0054] Programming material can be stored on personal computer 61—on aROM, CD-ROM, flash RAM, PCMCIA card, or other disk/card supplied alongwith printed matter 21—or accessed from a remote data server 62.

[0055] Reference is now made to FIG. 6a, which shows an embodiment ofthe invention wherein a user employs a hand-held recognition device 67to: (i) select programming material associated with a feature 41 on aprinted matter 40; and (ii) control or interact with a personal computer65 during the presentation and/or execution of the programming material.The recognition device 67 may be comprised of one of many possibledevices already in use within the computer and electronics industry.

[0056] The preferred embodiment may utilize a scanner/mouse which isdescribed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,949, entitled HAND-HAND-HELDOPTICAL SCANNER AND COMPUTER MOUSE, which is incorporated herein byreference. The FIG. 6a embodiment provides at least two modes ofinteraction for the use of the Scanner/Mouse:

[0057] (i) Scan Mode:

[0058] In this mode, scanner/mouse 67 operates as a scanner. The userpoints scanner/mouse 67 at a feature 41 in a printed matter 40 anddepresses a switch to cause the feature to be scanned. Personal computer65 receives the scanned image, decodes it, and executes a pre-programmedcommand in response. Execution of the pre-programmed command may, forexample, cause personal computer 65 to fetch an interactive softwareprogram from a centralized data bank 62, and begin execution of thefetched software. Once the fetched software begins executing,scanner/mouse 67 may be placed into mouse/trackball mode, in order tosupport interaction between the user and personal computer 65.

[0059] (ii) Mouse/Trackball Mode:

[0060] In this mode, scanner/mouse 67 operates as a normal X-Y movementsensor, such as a mouse or trackball. Thus, this mode is useful tocontrol conventional graphical interface functions, such as menus,windows, icons, cursors, video games, etc. Those skilled in the art willappreciate that this mode can provide any or all features typicallyfound in modern graphical user interfaces.

[0061] The scanning function of the mouse may in the alternative beaccomplished by the utilization of a bar code or other symbol laserscanning device incorporated within the hand-held unit 67. Thisinvention is commonly used in grocery stores, and automated warehousingapplications to price, and inventory goods. These scanners may bemanufactured as a single unit with the trackball mouse of the PC 65 oralternatively may be employed as a separate device 69 with separatelyattached trackball mouse 64 as shown in FIG. 6b. As described in greaterdetail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,297, entitled PORTABLE LASER SCANNINGSYSTEM AND SCANNING METHODS, these laser scanning devices 69 have atrigger within the device which initiates a repetitive scanning of eachobject bearing a symbol 41, and an indicator displays when the readingof that particular object has been completed. The recognition of thesymbol 41 is accomplished by the generation of a miniature light beamfrom the unit which is reflected in varying intensity depending on thequalities of the symbol 41. A sensing means within the unit detects theintensity of the light reflected from the symbol 41. The detecting meansthen generates an electrical signal indicative of the detected intensityof the light. A signal processing means then interprets the electricalsignals to generate data descriptive of the symbol. The printed matter40 would be affixed with bar codes or other symbols 41 which could beread with the laser scanning device 69. The user would be directed toplace the scanning portion of the device upon the symbol 41 and depressthe trigger at appropriate times while reading or viewing the printedmatter 40. The symbol 41 once scanned and processed would deliver acorresponding digital command, or reference to the software of the PC 65working in coordination with the scanning device 69.

[0062] An additional peripheral device which may be employed torecognize symbols could be the digital camera 63 shown in FIG. 6c. Thedigital camera 63 has gained popularity over recent years, and wouldhave the advantage in this application of already being available toconsumers who have either purchased it for its picture quality digitalimages, or for those who would be interested in the camerasmulti-functional use including this application. The digital camera 63employs solid state sensing devices such as a charged coupled device torecord images. The optical images which are recorded are then convertedto discreet electric signals, which are then stored in various memorydevices. The images may then be recalled from the memory device to bedisplayed, printed, or otherwise manipulated. One of the applications ofthe digital camera 63 is in the downloading of digital images topersonal computers 65. The digital camera 63 could therefore be used todownload images of symbols 41 within reading materials 40 to the user'sPC 65. Symbol processing software on the PC 65 could then interpretsymbols downloaded from the digital camera 63 or its memory, and the PC65 program's code logic would thereby trigger corresponding functions ofPC 65.

[0063] The triggering of the functions of PC 65 could also beinitialized by verbal commands 58 a from the user 58, as shown in FIG.6d. The PC 65 could be affixed with a microphone 59. As the user 58reads or works with a printed material 40 she could be instructed topronounce verbal commands 58 a into the microphone 59 by feature 41 inthe printed matter 40. The PC 65 would then have voice recognitionsoftware which would interpret the verbal commands 58 a from the printedmatter 40 to access the programing material by, for example runningapplications which correspond with the commands.

[0064] In yet another alternative embodiment of the invention thefeature 41 of printed matter 40 could also be manually entered into thePC 65 by way of a traditional keyboard 68 shown in FIG. 6e. Users of theprinted matter 40 who, for example, are reading advertisements, orworking through a tutorial would be directed to manually input codes orword commands (feature 41) into the PC 65 by way of a keyboard 68. Thecommand would then, similar to other sensing devices, initialize aprogram or PC function which would operate in concert with the printedmatter 40.

[0065] In each of the configurations of this invention described inFIGS. 6a-6 f, PC applications may be retrieved from PC interfaces 62such as CD ROM drives, hard drives, PCMCIA cards, Flash RAM, webinterfaces, or any other addressable memory device which the PC hasaccess too.

[0066] The coded information might also be transferred to the computerthrough a scanable magnetic strip 41 a as shown in FIG. 6f. Knownmagnetic strip technology, used such as that credit and debit cards, hasinformation as fixed electronic data embedded on the surface of thecard. The PC 65 will have a magnetic card reader 49 connected to one ofits external ports. The printed matter 40 will direct the user to readthe magnetic strip 41 a into the reader 49. The information embedded onthe magnetic strip will provide commands to the PC 65 to accessprograming material by directing currently running applications, or toretrieve and run applications from remote or local sources.

[0067] Data collected from the sensing device(s)in the form of digitalimages or translated to a decoded command may by transferred to the PC65 via a METHOD AND SYSTEM OF BI-DIRECTIONAL PARALLEL PORT DATA TRANSFERBETWEEN DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS as described in detail in U.S. Pat. No.5,600,793. This process transfers discreet packets of data both to andfrom peripheral devices. These devices would be in constantcommunication, allowing both the sensing device as well as the PC 65 tosend and receive data. Alternatively the data may be transferred viainfra red, microwave or some other light frequency data transfer method.The user might also desire that the sensing device be manufactured inkind with the traditional television remote control device. This wouldre-enforce the desirability of the unit being manufactured in a wirelessunit with a light emitting data transfer method as described above. Thisadvantage would of course be balanced with the cost effectiveness of thedesign, as well as the reliability of the data transfer via eithermethod.

[0068] Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which depicts an embodiment ofthe invention adapted for commercial and shop-at-home applications. Thecustomer views and interacts with a printed matter 70 (via sensors or afeature recognition units, both as previously described). Printed matter70 is preferably a throw-away catalog or advertising brochure listingcommercial items, such as programming choices, merchandise, travel orevent schedules, or television and/or radio programming schedules. Theuser interacts with printed matter 70 (i.e., with certain featuresand/or sensors therein) to cause a coded signal 71 indicative of thecustomer's selection to be transmitted (either by a transmitter embeddedin the printed matter or within a feature recognition unit) tocontroller 73. In response thereto, controller 73 utilizes amodem/telephone (or other wired or wireless communication) link 74-75 tocommunicate the customer's selection to a commercial provider's remoteoffice 78 (or to a centralized data bank or information superhighway).

[0069] The commercial provider preferably uses a “caller ID” function toidentify the customer and can respond in a number of ways: (i) have arepresentative contact the customer; (ii) send the ordered merchandiseor tickets to the customer; (iii) direct a data server 72 to provideprogramming or additional promotional material via a CATV line 76 tocontroller 73, which replays the material on the customer's TV set; or(iv) download and execute an interactive merchandise selection programon the customer's personal computer or any other electronic media input,output or sensory stimulating device.

THE APPARATUS PERSPECTIVE

[0070] The various technologies used to implement the individualfunctional components that comprise a part of this invention aredescribed below.

TOUCH PAD TECHNOLOGY

[0071] Sensor 3 can be implemented using a wide variety of presentlyavailable touch sensitive pad technology. See, for example, U.S. Pat.No. 5,016,008 entitled DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSITION OF A CONTROLMEMBER ON A TOUCH-SENSITIVE PAD, U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,124 entitled TOUCHSENSITIVE CONTROL PANEL, U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,151 entitled REMOTE CONTROLDEVICE FOR A COMPUTER ASSOCIATED WITH A VIDEO SCREEN, U.S. Pat. No.4,827,084 entitled SOLID STATE IMAGE DETECTOR AND SIGNAL GENERATOR andU.S. Pat. No. 4,644,101 entitled PRESSURE-RESPONSIVE POSITION SENSOR,all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0072] Referring now to FIG. 2, a plurality of touch sensors 22 areembedded within the back binding of the printed matter 21.Alternatively, touch sensors 22 can be positioned along inner or outermargins of the binding, or of particular pages, of printed matter 21 (oralong an edge of a mounting tray in which a disposable printed matter isplaced). Electronics mounted within printed matter 21 (or within amounting tray) responds to the actuation of a touch sensor 22 andtransmits a coded signal indicative of the identity of the actuatedsensor.

[0073] Advantageously, touch sensors can be combined with pagesensors—as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,209,665; 4,990,092; 4,636,881and 4,809,246, all previously incorporated herein—to provide a largernumber of “effective sensors.” In this embodiment, each time a sensor isactuated, the electronics within the printed matter also checks the pagesensor(s) to determine which page is currently being viewed. Theelectronics then generates a coded signal that identifies both thesensor actuated and the currently visible page. Thus, each (page,sensor) combination represents, in essence, a single “effective sensor.”

[0074] Hybrid embodiments combining touch pads and page sensors are alsopossible. For example, a printed matter might contain a sheet of touchsensors every so many pages, with the page interval being dependent onthe stiffness of the pages and the responsiveness of the sensors. Thatis, if the maximum number of pages through which a user's touch could bereliably detected by a touch sensor was X, then the printed matter wouldpreferably include a sheet of touch sensors every X pages of text.

INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS AND DATA/COMMUNICATION SERVERS

[0075] In accordance with several embodiments of the invention, anintelligent controller controls the selection of programming in a video“file server” system. File servers are well known in the art. Generally,as used herein, the term intelligent controller can refer to computerequipment having either: (a) some type of mass storage device, typicallya magnetic or magneto-optical disk, that is connected to a network andutilized as central storage for multiple users via the network; and/or(b) some type of network interface which allows establishment of acommunication link with other user(s).

[0076] Referring to a “file server” type of intelligent controller, theinformation that is typically stored on such a system consists of binarycomputer data such as executable programs and corresponding data.Exemplary of the types of corresponding data stored are numbers forspreadsheets, ASCII characters and codes for word processors, anddrawing commands for drawing and CAD programs. These or similar types ofdata do not generally have a time element associated with them, nor dothey generally require any extra processing beyond the usualinterpretation that is accomplished by the computer program with whichthey are intended to be used.

[0077] In contrast, the playback of audio/video information has a timeelement associated with its use. Furthermore, the amount of datarequired to store audio/video program information in “raw” digital formis often prohibitive. Thus, it is common to employ audio/videocompression techniques to compress audio/video program informationbefore it is stored. As a result, further processing in the form ofdecompression and digital-to-analog conversion is required before thereal-time viewing of an audio/video program can take place.Decompression may be accomplished through the use of known hardware orsoftware techniques. Digital-to-analog conversion may be required,depending on the type of equipment used for viewing the audio/videoprogram. A known audio/video file server apparatus manufactured andmarketed by Protocomm of Trevose, Pa. permits real-time playback ofcompressed audio/video program information.

[0078] Generally, modern audio/video file server systems include: astorage unit for centrally storing compressed digital audio/videoprogram information, a transceiver for receiving compressed digitalaudio/video program information from an external source over a network(or wireless communication link) to update the stored audio/videoprogram information, a plurality of playback units, each associated withan external playback line and an external playback station, eachincluding a decompression unit, for receiving selected compresseddigital audio/video program information from the storage unit, fordecompressing the selected compressed digital audio/video programinformation received from the storage unit, and for playing it in realtime over the associated playback line to the associated playbackstation, a network interface unit for receiving playback requests fromthe playback units, and a processor for controlling the storage andplayback units to play the decompressed selected audio/video programinformation in real time for viewing by users at selected playbackstations.

[0079] Such a system is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.5,262,875 entitled AUDIO/VIDEO FILE SERVER INCLUDINGDECOMPRESSION/PLAYBACK MEANS, which is incorporated herein by reference.The '875 system can be adapted to operate in accordance with the presentinvention by coupling intelligent controller of the present inventionwith the '875 system's network interface unit (which provides theplayback requests to the playback unit). In the '875 system:

[0080] “Playback may be initiated through a user request from one of theplayback stations or through direct interaction with audio/video fileserver 5. In the latter case, a simple user interface, such as a menuinterface, may be employed for selection of the desired programinformation and the playback station. For example, a menu of theavailable items of audio/video program information, as named by the useror by the system, may be presented. The user may make a selectionthrough cursor control keys on a keyboard.”

[0081] In contrast, the present invention permits the user to select andcontrol the presentation of audio/video programming through a familiarprinted matter interface, as has been previously described. The presentinvention thus offers the advantage of nearly universal accessibility.

[0082] In accordance with the present invention, multimedia programmingis preferably delivered from the file server(s) to the replay unit viaan Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN). U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,859entitled ISDN MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM, incorporated herein byreference, describes such a system.

[0083] In accordance with the invention, a variety of means can beemployed to communicate selection instructions to the video server andto communicate programming material from the server to the user'sdisplay unit. Since the selection instructions are very compact (i.e.,low bandwidth), these instructions can be communicated via a standardtelephone link using an inexpensive, low speed modem. This is similar,for example, to the method cable TV viewers use to select pay-per-viewprogramming from local CATV companies—i.e., the viewer calls aparticular toll-free number associated with the desired program, and theCATV office uses a “caller ID” function to determine which customer isto receive the program.

[0084] Communication of the programming material from the server to thedisplay unit may require a higher-bandwidth means. No doubt, certainmaterial—such as pricing information for a shop-at-home service orscheduling information for a travel booking service—could be easilytransmitted via an inexpensive telephone/modem link. In addition, usingthe preferred compression/decompression techniques, many multi-mediaapplications could also operate over a conventional telephone link. Highquality audio/video programming, however, will likely require a higherbandwidth transmission medium, such as a CATV line, microwave link, DSBlink, optical fiber link, cellular radio link, or enhanced bandwidthtelephone connection.

[0085] Although the invention has been described above with reference toseveral presently preferred embodiments, such embodiments are merelyexemplary and are not intended to define the scope of, or exhaustivelyenumerate the features of, the present invention. Accordingly, the scopeof the invention shall be defined by the following claims. Where afeature or limitation of a preferred embodiment is omitted in a claim,it is the inventors' intent that such claim not be construed toimpliedly require the omitted feature or limitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for delivering electronic programming toa user, the system comprising: a printed matter having at least onesensor and a transmitter for transmitting a coded signal in response toan actuation of said sensor; an intelligent controller having associatedtherewith a receiver for receiving said coded signal and a means foraccessing programming material; and a display unit for presenting saidprogramming material; wherein said user actuates said sensor to causesaid intelligent controller to access said programming material and saiddisplay unit to present said programming material to said user.
 2. Asystem as defined in claim 1 wherein said sensor comprises a touchsensor.
 3. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said sensor comprisesa capacitive touch sensor.
 4. A system as defined in claim 1 whereinsaid sensor comprises a conductive touch sensor.
 5. A system as definedin claim 1 wherein said sensor comprises a page sensor.
 6. A system asdefined in claim 1 wherein said printed matter includes both a pagesensor and a touch sensor.
 7. A system as defined in claim 1 whereinsaid printed matter includes a pad having a plurality of touch sensors.8. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said printed matter includes aplurality of pads, each having a plurality of touch sensors.
 9. A systemas defined in claim 1 wherein said intelligent controller includes amicroprocessor.
 10. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein saidintelligent controller has associated therewith a memory means forstoring programming material.
 11. A system as defined in claim 10wherein said memory means comprises a magnetic disk.
 12. A system asdefined in claim 10 wherein said memory means comprises a PCMCIA card.13. A system as defined in claim 10 wherein said memory means comprisesa flash RAM.
 14. A system as defined in claim 10 wherein said memorymeans comprises a cache.
 15. A system as defined in claim 10 whereinsaid memory means comprises a CD-ROM.
 16. A system as defined in claim10 wherein said memory means is selected from the group consisting of: aROM; a WORM disk; a floppy disk; a multi-layer optical disk; amagneto-optical disk; an IC card; a magnetic bubble memory; a sequentialaccess memory; a magnetic tape; a magnetic drum; a magneto-optical drum;a static RAM; and a dynamic RAM.
 17. A system as defined in claim 1wherein said intelligent controller includes a removable memory means.18. A system as defined in claim 17 wherein said printed matter and saidremovable memory means are supplied to, or purchased by, the user as aset.
 19. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for accessingprogramming material operates via a data link.
 20. A system as definedin claim 19 wherein said data link comprises a telephone line.
 21. Asystem as defined in claim 19 wherein said data link comprises acomputer network.
 22. A system as defined in claim 19 wherein said datalink comprises an ISDN network.
 23. A system as defined in claim 19wherein said data link comprises an Ethernet network.
 24. A system asdefined in claim 19 wherein said data link comprises a CATV line.
 25. Asystem as defined in claim 1 wherein said intelligent controller hasassociated therewith a buffer for temporarily storing the programmingmaterial.
 26. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said intelligentcontroller includes means for decompressing compressed programmingmaterial.
 27. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said display unitcomprises a video display.
 28. A system as defined in claim 1 whereinsaid display unit comprises an audio transducer.
 29. A system as definedin claim 1 wherein said display unit comprises a flat panel display. 30.A system as defined in claim 29 wherein said flat panel display isembedded within said printed matter.
 31. A system as defined in claim 1wherein said display unit has associated therewith a buffer fortemporarily storing programming material.
 32. A system as defined inclaim 1 wherein said display unit has associated therewith means fordecompressing compressed programming material.
 33. A system as definedin claim 1 wherein said display unit comprises a CATV converter, orwireless cable converter, and a television set coupled thereto.
 34. Asystem as defined in claim 1 wherein said display unit comprises apersonal computer.
 35. A system as defined in claim 34 wherein saidpersonal computer includes a CD-ROM for storing programming material.36. A system as defined in claim 34 wherein said personal computerincludes means for decompressing compressed programming material.
 37. Asystem as defined in claim 1 wherein said intelligent controller andsaid display unit each comprise portions of a personal computer.
 38. Asystem as defined in claim 1 wherein said programming material includesentertainment programming.
 39. A system as defined in claim 1 whereinsaid programming material includes educational programming.
 40. A systemas defined in claim 1 wherein said programming material supplementsinformation contained in said printed matter.
 41. A system as defined inclaim 1 wherein said programming material includes commercialprogramming.
 42. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said programmingmaterial includes promotional programming.
 43. A system as defined inclaim 1 wherein said programming material includes informationalprogramming.
 44. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said transmitterand receiver communicate via an energy pathway.
 45. A system as definedin claim 44 wherein said energy pathway comprises a conductive cable.46. A system as defined in claim 44 wherein said energy pathwaycomprises an optical cable.
 47. A system as defined in claim 44 whereinsaid energy pathway comprises a capacitively coupled link.
 48. A systemas defined in claim 1 wherein said transmitter and receiver communicatevia a wireless RF link.
 49. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein saidtransmitter and receiver communicate via an IR link.
 50. A system fordisplaying programming to a user, the system comprising: a printedmatter having at least one machine recognizable feature; a featurerecognition unit having associated therewith a means for recognizingsaid feature and a transmitter for transmitting a coded signal inresponse to the recognition of said feature; an intelligent controllerhaving associated therewith a receiver for receiving said coded signaland means for accessing programming material; and a display unit forpresenting said programming material; wherein said recognition unit, inresponse to the recognition of said feature, causes said intelligentcontroller to access said programming material and said display unit toexecute or display said programming material.
 51. A system as defined inclaim 50 wherein said intelligent controller includes a microprocessor.52. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said intelligent controllerhas associated therewith a memory means for storing programmingmaterial.
 53. A system as defined in claim 52 wherein said memory meanscomprises a magnetic disk.
 54. A system as defined in claim 52 whereinsaid memory means comprises a PCMCIA card.
 55. A system as defined inclaim 52 wherein said memory means comprises a flash RAM.
 56. A systemas defined in claim 52 wherein said memory means comprises a cache. 57.A system as defined in claim 52 wherein said memory means comprises aCD-ROM.
 58. A system as defined in claim 52 wherein said memory means isselected from the group consisting of: a ROM; a WORM disk; a floppydisk; a multi-layer optical disk; a magneto-optical disk; an IC card; amagnetic bubble memory; a sequential access memory; a magnetic tape; amagnetic drum; a magneto-optical drum; a static RAM; and a dynamic RAM.59. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said intelligent controllerincludes a removable memory means.
 60. A system as defined in claim 59wherein said printed matter and said removable memory means are suppliedto, or purchased by, the user as a set.
 61. A system as defined in claim50 wherein said means for accessing programming material operates via adata link.
 62. A system as defined in claim 61 wherein said data linkcomprises a telephone line.
 63. A system as defined in claim 61 whereinsaid data link comprises a computer network.
 64. A system as defined inclaim 61 wherein said data link comprises an ISDN network.
 65. A systemas defined in claim 61 wherein said data link comprises an Ethernetnetwork.
 66. A system as defined in claim 61 wherein said data linkcomprises a CATV line.
 67. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein saidintelligent controller has associated therewith a buffer for temporarilystoring the programming material.
 68. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said intelligent controller includes means for decompressingcompressed programming material.
 69. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said display unit comprises a video display.
 70. A system asdefined in claim 50 wherein said display unit comprises an audiotransducer.
 71. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said displayunit comprises a flat panel display.
 72. A system as defined in claim 71wherein said flat panel display is embedded within said printed matter.73. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said display unit hasassociated therewith a buffer for temporarily storing programmingmaterial.
 74. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said display unithas associated therewith means for decompressing compressed programmingmaterial.
 75. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said display unitcomprises a CATV converter, or wireless cable converter, and atelevision set coupled thereto.
 76. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said display unit comprises a personal computer.
 77. A system asdefined in claim 76 wherein said personal computer includes a CD-ROM forstoring programming material.
 78. A system as defined in claim 76wherein said personal computer includes means for decompressingcompressed programming material.
 79. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said intelligent controller and said display unit each compriseportions of a personal computer.
 80. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said programming material includes entertainment programming.81. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said programming materialincludes educational programming.
 82. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said programming material supplements information contained insaid printed matter.
 83. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein saidprogramming material includes commercial programming.
 84. A system asdefined in claim 50 wherein said programming material includespromotional programming.
 85. A system as defined in claim 50 whereinsaid programming material includes informational programming.
 86. Asystem as defined in claim 50 wherein said transmitter and receivercommunicate via an energy pathway.
 87. A system as defined in claim 86wherein said energy pathway comprises a conductive cable.
 88. A systemas defined in claim 86 wherein said energy pathway comprises an opticalcable.
 89. A system as defined in claim 86 wherein said energy pathwaycomprises a capacitively coupled link.
 90. A system as defined in claim50 wherein said transmitter and receiver communicate via a wireless RFlink.
 91. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said transmitter andreceiver communicate via an IR link.
 92. A system as defined in claim 50wherein said feature comprises a bar code.
 93. A system as defined inclaim 50 wherein said feature comprises an invisible bar code.
 94. Asystem as defined in claim 50 comprises wherein said feature comprises amagnetic code.
 95. A system as defined in claim 50 wherein said featurecomprises printed indicia.
 96. A system as defined in claim 50 whereinsaid recognition unit comprises a hand-held unit.
 97. A system asdefined in claim 96 wherein said hand-held recognition unit includes aCCD camera.
 98. A system as defined in claim 96 wherein said hand-heldrecognition unit includes a bar code reader.
 99. A system as defined inclaim 96 wherein said hand-held recognition unit comprises a magneticdetector.
 100. A system as defined in claim 96 wherein said hand-heldrecognition unit comprises a scanner/mouse.
 101. A system for deliveringelectronic programming to a user, the system comprising: a printedmatter having associated therewith at least one sensor, a controllerresponsive to an actuation of said sensor, and a transmitter responsiveto said controller for transmitting a coded signal; and a display unithaving associated therewith a receiver for receiving said coded signal,means for accessing programming material in response thereto, and meansfor displaying or executing said programming material; and wherein saiduser actuates said sensor to cause said programming material to beaccessed and displayed or executed.
 102. A system as defined in claim101 wherein said controller includes a microprocessor.
 103. A system asdefined in claim 101 wherein said display unit further has associatedtherewith a memory means for storing programming material.
 104. A systemas defined in claim 103 wherein said memory means comprises a magneticdisk.
 105. A system as defined in claim 103 wherein said memory meanscomprises a PCMCIA card.
 106. A system as defined in claim 103 whereinsaid memory means comprises a flash RAM.
 107. A system as defined inclaim 103 wherein said memory means comprises a cache.
 108. A system asdefined in claim 103 wherein said memory means comprises a CD-ROM. 109.A system as defined in claim 101 wherein said memory means is selectedfrom the group consisting of: a ROM; a WORM disk; a floppy disk; amulti-layer optical disk; a magneto-optical disk; an IC card; a magneticbubble memory; a sequential access memory; a magnetic tape; a magneticdrum; a magneto-optical drum; a static RAM; and a dynamic RAM.
 110. Asystem as defined in claim 101 wherein said further has associatedtherewith a removable memory means.
 111. A system as defined in claim110 wherein said printed matter and said removable memory means aresupplied to, or purchased by, the user as a set.
 112. A system asdefined in claim 101 wherein said means for accessing programmingmaterial operates via a data link.
 113. A system as defined in claim 112wherein said data link comprises a telephone line.
 114. A system asdefined in claim 112 wherein said data link comprises a computernetwork.
 115. A system as defined in claim 112 wherein said data linkcomprises an ISDN network.
 116. A system as defined in claim 112 whereinsaid data link comprises an Ethernet network.
 117. A system as definedin claim 112 wherein said data link comprises a CATV line.
 118. A systemas defined in claim 101 wherein said controller has associated therewitha power-down or slow-down circuit for reducing power consumption in saidcontroller.
 119. A system as defined in claim 101 wherein saidcontroller has associated therewith a solar cell for powering saidcontroller.
 120. A system as defined in claim 101 wherein said displayunit comprises a video display.
 121. A system as defined in claim 101wherein said display unit comprises an audio transducer.
 122. A systemas defined in claim 101 wherein said display unit comprises a flat paneldisplay.
 123. A system as defined in claim 122 wherein said flat paneldisplay is embedded within said printed matter.
 124. A system as definedin claim 101 wherein said display unit has associated therewith a bufferfor temporarily storing programming material.
 125. A system as definedin claim 101 wherein said display unit has associated therewith meansfor decompressing compressed programming material.
 126. A system asdefined in claim 101 wherein said display unit comprises a CATVconverter, or wireless cable converter, and a television set coupledthereto.
 127. A system as defined in claim 101 wherein said display unitcomprises a personal computer.
 128. A system as defined in claim 127wherein said personal computer includes a CD-ROM for storing programmingmaterial.
 129. A system as defined in claim 127 wherein said personalcomputer includes means for decompressing compressed programmingmaterial.
 130. A system as defined in claim 101 wherein said controllerand said display unit each comprise portions of a personal computer.131. A system as defined in claim 101 wherein said programming materialincludes entertainment programming.
 132. A system as defined in claim101 wherein said programming material includes educational programming.133. A system as defined in claim 101 wherein said programming materialsupplements information contained in said printed matter.
 134. A systemas defined in claim 101 wherein said programming material includescommercial programming.
 135. A system as defined in claim 101 whereinsaid programming material includes promotional programming.
 136. Asystem as defined in claim 101 wherein said programming materialincludes informational programming.
 137. A system as defined in claim101 wherein said transmitter and receiver communicate via an energypathway.
 138. A system as defined in claim 137 wherein said energypathway comprises a conductive cable.
 139. A system as defined in claim137 wherein said energy pathway comprises an optical cable.
 140. Asystem as defined in claim 137 wherein said energy pathway comprises acapacitively coupled link.
 141. A system as defined in claim 101 whereinsaid transmitter and receiver communicate via a wireless RF link.
 142. Asystem as defined in claim 101 wherein said transmitter and receivercommunicate via an IR link.
 143. A method of providing, accessing orutilizing electronic media services, the method comprising the steps of:providing a printed matter having at least one sensor associatedtherewith; providing or programming an intelligent controller to, inresponse to an actuation of said sensor, perform a pre-programmedcommand; and executing said pre-programmed command to access or controlan electronic media.
 144. A method of providing electronic programmingmaterial, the method comprising the steps of: providing a printed matterto a potential customer; pre-programming an intelligent controller toaccess or control the transmission of electronic programming material inresponse to an event wherein the customer interacts with the printedmatter in a particular manner; and displaying or executing saidprogramming material in response to the intelligent controller.
 145. Amethod as defined in claim 144 wherein said printed matter comprises alow-cost, throw away publication.
 146. A method as defined in claim 144wherein said customer utilizes a feature recognition unit to interactwith said printed matter.
 147. A method of providing or accessingshop-at-home services, the method including the steps of: incorporatingwithin a printed catalogue at least one sensor or machine-recognizablefeature; programming a controller to execute a pre-programmed command inresponse to an event wherein a customer interacts with said sensor orfeature; and responding to the execution of said pre-programmed command.148. A method as defined in claim 147 wherein responding comprisespresenting or delivering commercial programming to the customer.
 149. Amethod as defined in claim 147 wherein responding comprises presentingor delivering promotional programming to the customer.
 150. A method asdefined in claim 147 wherein responding comprises contacting thecustomer by telephone.
 151. A method as defined in claim 147 whereinresponding comprises providing an electronic menu to the customer. 152.A method as defined in claim 151 , further comprising the step ofresponding to the customer's menu selection(s).
 153. An improved methodof instruction, said method including the steps of: providing a printedtextbook having at least one sensor or machine-recognizable featureassociated therewith; providing a means, distinct from said textbook,for executing a pre-programmed command in response to an event wherein areader of the textbook interacts with said sensor or feature; andresponding to the execution of said command.
 154. An improved method ofinstruction as defined in claim 153 wherein responding comprises:causing or controlling the delivery or presentation of multimediamaterial or other information related to that in the textbook to thereader.
 155. An improved method of instruction as defined in claim 153wherein responding comprises: forming a communication link between thereader and a tutor or consultant.
 156. A low cost, throw-away printedmatter useful for accessing electronic media services, said printedmatter including: at least one sensor; and means, responsive to anactuation of said sensor, for transmitting a coded signal indicative ofsaid sensor.
 157. A feature recognition unit useful, in combination witha printed matter, for accessing electronic media services, saidrecognition unit comprising: means for recognizing features on saidprinted matter; and means, responsive to the recognition of a feature,for transmitting a coded signal indicative of said recognized feature.158. A feature recognition unit as defined in claim 157 wherein saidmeans for recognizing reads bar codes.
 159. A feature recognition unitas defined in claim 157 wherein said means for recognizing reads printedindicia.
 160. A feature recognition unit as defined in claim 157 whereinsaid means for recognizing reads magnetic codes.
 161. A featurerecognition unit as defined in claim 157 wherein said means forrecognizing comprises a CCD camera.
 162. A feature recognition unit asdefined in claim 157 wherein said means for recognizing comprises a barcode reader.
 163. A feature recognition unit as defined in claim 157 ,further including a microprocessor.
 164. A system for delivering anelectronic advertisement to a user, the system comprising: a printedadvertisement having associated therewith at least one sensor ormachine-recognizable feature, a controller, responsive to an actuationof said sensor or a recognition of said machine-recognizable feature,and a transmitter, responsive to said controller, for transmitting acoded signal; and a display unit including a receiver for receiving saidcoded signal and means for providing said user with said electronicadvertisement related to said printed advertisement.
 165. A system fordelivering information services to a user, the system comprising: aprinted reference having associated therewith at least one sensor ormachine-recognizable feature, a controller, responsive to an actuationof said sensor or a recognition of said machine-recognizable feature,and a transmitter, responsive to said controller, for transmitting acoded signal; and a display unit including a receiver for receiving saidcoded signal and means for providing said user with said informationservices related to said printed reference.
 166. A system for deliveringinformation services as defined in claim 165 wherein said display unitis contained within a personal communicator device.
 167. A system fordelivering information services as defined in claim 165 wherein saiddisplay unit is contained within a remote pager device.